Business continuity and crisis management Essay - 2

Business continuity and crisis management - Essay Example BCM plays an important role in every organization that uses it. One major aim of having a BCM program on any business to is to give it the capacity to have a quick and effective response to global crises such as cyber attacks mostly through data breaches, natural disasters and ensure the business interests of the organization are protected. (Blyth, M. 2009). What this means is that BCM is not only about crisis management, but it also includes disaster and business recovery, incident and emergency management. The ISO 22301, which is a system of business continuity management, places emphasis on a few areas that are crucial in BCM.First, it suggests that there is a great need to have an understanding of the needs of continuity and preparedness. Moreover, there is need to understand why it is necessary to establish a BCM policy and objectives in an organization. It adds that the effectiveness of the entire process relies heavily on this understanding. Secondly, there is need for an orga nization to implement and operate controls that can manage its overall continuity risks. It therefore, suggests that it would be meaningless to have a BCM policy when the organization is not ready to implement it. (Bajgoric, N. (n.d.). Thirdly, the organization should constantly review and monitor the effectiveness of the BCM program to ensure it is working according to its goals. Finally, the regular assessment of BCM will lead to objective measurements that are important in continual improvement.

Business Communication Essay Example for Free

Business Communication Essay ?Introduction In this assignment I am required to explain the different types of business information used by the business organisation that I have chosen for example; verbal, written, non-verbal, non-written, multimedia etc. I will also be writing their sources and purposes and analysing the different types of information. I will then evaluate the appropriateness of business information used to make strategic decisions. The business that I have chosen is Sainsbury’s. Sainsbury’s is a public limited company (PLC). It is the second largest chains of supermarkets in the United Kingdom in the retailing business. Sainsbury’s was first established with a shop in Drury Lane, and then became the largest grocery retailer in 1922. Sainsbury’s provides food and drink, home and garden, technology, toys, entertainment, clothing and much more for their customers. This comes under the tertiary sector business that provides a valuable service that customers and other businesses are prepared to pay for. From where they had first started throughout the years they have expanded it by selling different varieties of products to satisfy their customers as well as giving them new products to purchase. Types of Information Source Purpose Analysis Verbal- Face to face communication about sales reports between staff and sales manager (meetings). Internal Source- Marketing Department. This is because this department deals with sales as they can give information about the results of research undertaken by Sainsbury’s. Face to face discussions could be used by the marketing department to explain/update by communicating sales promotions. Using this opportunity through the meeting the sales manager will also have an overview of how well the employees are doing their job. It is important for Sainsbury’s to have face to face meetings about sales reports often, so that the company itself knows what needs to be improved and how they are progressing currently. Marketing department helps  this type of verbal communication by updating the company using promotions and sales so they can achieve more profit for themselves and shareholders. Verbal-A telephone conversation about a customer enquiring about a product (staff helping a customer through telephone line checking if the product that customer wants is in stock). External Source- Customer Services Department. This is because customer services deals with customer’s issues or any enquiries they might have to do with the products or the store they can speak to a Sainsbury’s representative. A telephone conversation could be used by the customer’s services department to inform future developments on customer’s response to existing products and services. However Sainsbury’s doesn’t just deal with products, they deal with different types on insurances, mobiles, recruitment and so on. It is important for Sainsbury’s to have telephone conversations with customers because this way they are able to know customer’s opinions about certain topics and anything they would like to enquire about it e.g. products, services Sainsbury’s provide. The customer services department helps this type of communication by informing staff and managers about future developments. Verbal-Speeches about expanding on areas that need s improvement (increasing an amount of tills to avoid customers waiting for a long period of time in the queue). Internal Source- Production Department. This is in this specific department because with production they are able to know what areas need improving and so along with past and future levels of production, this department knows how to deal with it in detail. They are able to know what kind of costs Sainsbury’s will be dealing with in order to expand tills which will then move on to the marketing department. Speeches about expanding on areas that need improvement could be used by inviting support for activities so that Sainsbury’s can avoid bad service coming from their employees. This means an explanation needs to be given to employees and others as it is important for them to know why this new improvement in the business is happening. It is important for Sainsbury’s to have speeches on areas that need improvement because in order for the company to expand and improve, improvement on  amount of tills to avoid customers not only helps improve the company but attra cts more new and existing customers too. Also the production department can help as they can specify what areas need to be developed and write in detail about the costs and spacing will be needed to create the new tills for the store. Written-Web-based information about employment and recruitment (information of the company’s website about vacancies available). Internal Source- Human Resources. This is based in this department because human resources can provide information about the staffing and training within Sainsbury’s. Web-based information displays many benefits of multimedia technology. Web-based information about recruitment can be used by human resources to update knowledge and offer employment through multimedia technology. Sainsbury’s website gives different varieties of choices of job roles. They also provide specific searches to allow the people look for a specific store to work in and the kind of the job role they want. It is important for Sainsbury’s to have web based information about employment and recruitment because this helps the company employ people to work for them. It gives a chance for people to use the website find out what kind of vacancies the company has going on and what sort of rules too. It is important that the human resources department deals with this type of communication as they are aware of what kind of resources is needed to create/improve the website. Written-On screen information about sales, advertising, products and promotions on certain products (e.g. food, homecare, TU clothing etc). Internal Source- Marketing Department. This is sectioned in this department because marketing campaigns, promotions and information about the market, Sainsbury’s can take care of this department well. On screen information about sales and promotions could be used by inviting support for activities for a primary purpose of making a profit. By inviting support for activities they can increase more sales on other products to make more profit. It is important for Sainsbury’s to have on screen information about sales, advertising and promotions on products because with promotions on products the company not only will be able to expand by attracting more customers, b ut they will also be gaining more profit which means more shareholders too. It is important that the marketing department deals with advertising, sales and promotions, because they can give information about the results of research they  undertake, which means they can see what their competitors are doing and how their own company can make improvements. Written-Emails for queries regarding certain topics customer’s would like to discuss (Sainsbury’s bank, recruitment and website technical queries etc). External Source- Customer services department. This is based in the customer services department because consumers are able to discuss what kind of issues they want to with the company. Emails for queries regarding certain topics customers would like to discuss, could be used by informing future developments. This is because a business cannot develop and grow more than how much Sainsbury’s is wanting and aiming for if they do not hear what their customers have to say and so emails is one of the communication techniques so that Sainsbury’s can know their views on certain things. It is important that the company lets customers have access to emailing Sainsbury’s for any kind of queries customers would like to discuss. This is because their opinions and allowing them to express their views will help Sai nsbury’s improve/expand. If Sainsbury’s do this customers will feel satisfied that their opinions are being heard and action is being taken. Also it is important that the customer services department deal with this type of communication because Sainsbury’s can give consumers the information they are wanting to know about existing products or even providing a service. Non-Verbal-Deaf person wanting to know which isle in the store is a product in (asking a staff member). External Source-Human Resources. This is located in this department because employees within the stores can help customers who are deaf and wanting a product within the store hence asking help from a staff member. A deaf person wanting to know where a product is in the store could be used by inviting support for activities as information is very important and needs to be required through communications in order to support the business and keeping it running and successful. However for deaf people Sainsbury’s can hire employees that can communicate with deaf people using sign language. It is important in Sainsbury’s that a deaf person wanting to know where certain things are the employees of this company can help them. By doing this Sainsbury’s are able to show that they provide a service that many other stores might not offer. It is important that it is located in the human resources department because employees who can do sign language can help give information towards the customers who are deaf. Some of these  employees might need training for this and human resources department are able to sort that out for them. Multi-Media- PowerPoint presentation showing sales figures (how much profit they have made within 2 months). Internal Source- Finance Department. This is in this department because they will have information relating to Sainsbury’s performance including profit and loss figures, balance sheet and the costs of running Sainsbury’s. PowerPoint presentation showing sales figures could be used by updating knowledge for seeing how much profit they have made during a period of time. This is because so they can know what needs to be done IF they are making less profit. It also updates knowledge to see how well they are doing within sales figures. This is important in Sainsbury’s because PowerPoint presentations that show sales figures allows the company to know how much profit they have made and how well they are doing currently. It is important that the finance department deals with this because they will have an amount of information that includes costs, sales and how much profit the company is making.

Minorities in Special Education Essay -- Learning Teaching Ethnicity P

The education system is arguably the most beneficial system in the world; however, it also contains many controversial practices. Proper funding, discrimination, and curriculum are just some of the problems in today’s education system. Everyone has a different opinion about what is best for our children and it is impossible to please everyone. As long as the educational system is in tact, then there will be confusion and debate within the system and its’ administrators. The only thing that can be done is attempting to make it so that everyone will benefit equally, but this is much more difficult than one would assume. I will focus on the aspect of discrimination on minorities within special education and more specifically the following questions: Does the special education system discriminate against minorities? If so, how? What can be done, if anything, to correct or improve this system? Special education is a large part of the education system, which includes the mentally retarded, people with learning disabilities, the emotionally disturbed, hearing impaired, visually impaired, etc. Many people fail to include this system as one that can possibly involve discrimination, but those enrolled in special education has increased among all racial classifications. Between 1980 and 1990, the entire population enlisted in special education has increased. European American increased by 6%, African Americans increased by 13%, Hispanic Americans increased by 53%, and Asian Americans/Pacific Americans increased by 107.8% (Ford, Obiakor, p. 8). In the end, it is these students who ultimately experience low rates of employment, low income, and growing rates of incarceration. Another survey indicates t... ...er how hard teachers try to make students learn, if the students don’t want to, then they won’t. The only sure fire way to decrease the so-called discrimination is to make students dedicated to learning and thus make it one of their top priorities. If not, then there will continue to be many problems and an increasing number of cases concerning discrimination within the education system. Bibliography Page Losen, D. and Orfield, G., ed. (2002). Racial Inequality in Special Education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press. Obiakor, F. and Ford, B., ed. (2002). Creating Successful Learning Environments for African American Learners With Exceptionalities. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Ormsbee, C. (2001). "Ending Discrimination in Special Education/Achieving Educational Equity (Book Review)." Intervention in School & Clinic; Sep2001, Vol. 37 Issue 1, p48.

Negative Images of African Americans in the Media

Mass media is a powerful force in American pop culture. Images seen on billboards, television, magazines, and the big screen create lasting impressions. Sometimes these impressions have a negative impact. Mass media can be very detrimental to society if it is not criticized. Many groups of Americans are negatively affected by the images and content of mass media. African Americans are at the top of this list. Images of African Americans in television, music, and film are often less than stellar.Black men are often portrayed as drug pushers, pimps, thugs, and dead beat dads, while black women are portrayed as poor, lazy, and promiscuous. This needs to stop! That is a given! Question is, how are these negative images going to be stopped? Several steps should be taken in order to prevent these negative images in the media. The origins of these images need to be examined, and modern racism and prejudice need to be exposed. There may be some accuracy to the negative images of African Amer icans in the media, but that is no excuse.The media should focus more on uplifting people. African Americans have historically had a disadvantage when compared to their white counterparts. This should not be exploited for entertainment purposes. African Americans are often placed in roles that portray them as poorly educated. This dates all the way to minstrel shows! This is still a problem today! Americans are more comfortable laughing at blacks as appose to understanding blacks. The main problem with images of African Americans is that they are one dimensional.African Americans are diverse and come from a variety of backgrounds. If an African American is portrayed as a druggie or a convict, then there should be some reasoning behind this. People don't become drug addicts for the fun of it; they become drug addicts because they want to numb themselves from the pain and suffering of their everyday lives. Black men and women don't become criminals because they are horrible people. Th ey become criminals because they are taught that they have no other option!African Americans have to stand up for themselves and fight against the media. That is the only way things will change. While doing this, they may have to criticize other African Americans. This should be done with love. Black rappers, singers, and actors should be held with some responsibility. Black leaders like Oprah Winfrey and Bill Cosby have spoken out about this. Rappers, including Ludacris and 50 Cent have been criticized for their lyrics.It is unclear if they are rapping about their experiences in order to expose their struggles, or if they are exploiting the black struggle with their lyrics. Violence, sexuality, and the lack of education are unfortunately a part of African American society. The media should show this. Rappers and singers should perform songs about this. Black actors should play roles that depict this. Black actors, singers, and rappers should not exploit these disadvantages. Instead they should use their craft to create solutions to these problems. Drugs and violence should not be glamorized!

Cost Club Week Essay

The issues against discharging an employee with any reason can be very harmful to any business. This opens the door for a lawsuit to any organization because, an ex-employee could file a lawsuit against the employer for alleging that they had been discharged wrongfully. The civil right law act in 1964 provides protection to the employees against wrongfully discharge. This describe that companies cannot terminate their employees basis of race, gender, skin, religion, color etc, (Employment law for business, 2007)†.) For example, if their at-will relationship exists between the employee and employer this does not mean that employer may terminate the employee, in a discriminatory manner. This mean the organization has to follow the legal principles before discharging their employee. There are so many laws that protect the individuals even though we are an, at- will state. The Federal anti-discrimination law prevents employees from wrongful discharge by the employer (Lawson, 1998)†. This scenario does not say that the employees were not let go due to the basis of any reason. This lawsuit against the organization for wrongful discharge could be very risky for the Cost Club since there were no reasons for terminating their employees. Reduction in Employee Costs There are many ways to reduce company cost. One thing a company can do is to outsource their HR. This will help reduce the cost of the employee benefits  program by bring in an outside company like GNA Partners. The GNA Partners have many ways to save the company money but, may bring cost to the workers. The GNA Partners provide negotiation insurance rates, which the plan cost are determined by what age group the employees fall into. Next the company can choose higher deductible plans, which this reduces, the cost of benefits plan. †¢ The business can offer robust benefits package by making their employees contribute. †¢ Using different types of workers like temporary workers, contract employee, part-time employees, employees and, non-employees work hours. These job types can be helpful to accomplish the seasonal demand of the organizations plus can cause the increase within the organizational performance. The organization knows all different categories of workers who can hire to save money for definite and indefinite period. Organization understands that temporary workers directly reports to the employer and receive their reimbursement from the company. When a company hires a contract employee, temporary and, part-time employee they know that they do not have to pay this employee benefits or high rates. Like vacation, sick, and part-time workers are usually define a workers, who have shorter working hours other fulltime workers. The rules, policies and, procedures for the part-time employee are not the same as the regular employees but quite different from the temporary workers† (Part Time and Temporary Employees, 2009). According to â€Å"Bennett-Alexander, & Hartman, â€Å"by hiring independent contractors, the cost of overtime is eliminated (the federal wage and hour laws do not apply to independent contractors) and the employer is able to avoid any work-related expenses, s uch as tools, training, or traveling. The employer is also guaranteed satisfactory performance of the job for which the contractor was hired because it is the contractor’s contractual obligation to adequately perform the contract with the employer, while the employee is generally able to quit without incurring liability (Employment law for business, 2007)†. For example, the company manage is an employees work who sets an employee’s schedule, along with deciding the method the employee uses to perform their work. An independent contractor is a person who provides particular services to an organization. Whether it be a short or long-term assignment. This is very effective low cost and saving the companying money because; temporary, contract or part-time employment arrangements provides several benefits to any business. Injury and Damages According to Tort Law, the Cost Club will be liable for the misconduct of employees with the customers. Tort laws are laws that offer remedies to individuals harmed by the unreasonable actions of others. Tort claims usually involve state law and are based on the legal premise that individuals are liable for the consequences of their conduct if it results in injury to others (McCarthy & Cambron-McCabe, 1992). Tort laws involve civil suits, which are actions brought to protect an individual’s private rights. The second situation, the employee is liable for physical harm to the customers’ property. Therefore, the company who hires the employee will be held liable for their employees negligent. The last situation, the business will not be liable for the acts of a real estate agent, because, the real estate agent is not controlled by the business. Therefore, the Cost Club should let their customers know they, are not responsible or that the real estate agent is an independent and organization contractors and that they have no control on his or her activities so, Cost Club will not be liable for the tort of him or her (Tort Liability Basics: Strict, Vicarious, and Joint Liability, 1999). Resolving Disagreement Processes Resolving disagreement between company and its employees, the can †¢ Set up a subject box  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Have a meeting once a week with the manager, and employees to discuss the problem that may arise between co-workers and managers. †¢ Includes third party as the mediator between employees and company. †¢ Grievance procedure, corporate due process, mediation etc., †¢ Clear as the formal complaint by the employees that they are behaved wrongly by the management decisions (Open door policy) These steps can be very effective to resolve between most companies’ problem. Which, if not settled could cause a big problem like violation of law, and just a perception of unfair treatment by the employees and managers. This method has to be effective in order to achieve long-term success and to facilitate and to accommodate between the employees and the company. Employment Law Concepts for Selection Employment law concepts for selection would include several legal implications. According to Bennett-Alexander, & Hartman, â€Å"the Civil Rights  Act 1964 prohibits the employers from discrimination among the potential employees on the basis of race, gender, color, region etc. in its recruitment and selection process. The next step is once the employee is hired, the company should make sure they follow steps are, training, appraising, compensating, and implementing employment decisions that determine such things as promotions, transfers, and layoffs† The selection procedure should also be job related and concern with the business necessity. The company should always follow the State HR Laws, and all the employees should be treated fairly and equally (Employment Tests and Selection Procedures, 2008). The Age Discrimination in Employment Act should also be considered in the selection procedure by the management. Reference: Beatty, J.F. & Samuelson, S.S. (2009). Introduction to Business Law (3rd ed.). Cengage Learning. Bennett-Alexander, D. D. & Hartman, P. L. (2007). Employment law for business (5th ed.). New York: McGraw–Hill. Retrieved October 29, 2012 from University of Phoenix, rEsource. Part Time and Temporary Employees. (2009). Retrieved October 29, 2012 from http://employment.findlaw.com/employment/employment-employee-overview/employment-

Free Essays on Monsanto In Europe

Stakeholders are defined to be individuals, groups and organizations with an interest in the activities and outcomes of a company. A firm's stakeholders include employees, consumers, the community and government. If we to determine Monsanot’s stakeholders according to the marketing mix we can say that the main stakeholders for Monsanto’s products in Europe are; - The customer (consumer) market including the public and the end buyer of the products (here the GM crops). It also includes retailers and local communities. - The influence markets which comprise government and pressure groups such as the environmentalists (Greenpeace). It also includes the media. - Supplier markets including farmers, farmers’ unions and raw material suppliers. Each of those stakeholders has a different interest in Monsanto. The concerns and objectives of different stakeholders and stakeholder groups are frequently in conflict; for example consumers (customers) and food retailers as well as suppliers’ main interest would be profit making whether form a direct transaction with Monsanto such as the retailers or a better prices and quality of goods being the interest of the end user (the consumer). On the other hand safety and health as well as quality are other interests for the consumers. Greenpeace and other environmentalists groups’ main interest would be in insuring that environmental is kept safe and not harmed, the natural diversification is not harassed and the air, land and water are not polluted. Other health institutions would be interested in being sure that human health is not negatively affected by the GM crops. Government on the other hand are concerned in being sure that laws and regulations are followed and no violation whatsoever is done weather to the local law or the international laws that the government is bound to. From the begining Monsanto was wrong in assuming that what applies to one market is definitely ... Free Essays on Monsanto In Europe Free Essays on Monsanto In Europe Stakeholders are defined to be individuals, groups and organizations with an interest in the activities and outcomes of a company. A firm's stakeholders include employees, consumers, the community and government. If we to determine Monsanot’s stakeholders according to the marketing mix we can say that the main stakeholders for Monsanto’s products in Europe are; - The customer (consumer) market including the public and the end buyer of the products (here the GM crops). It also includes retailers and local communities. - The influence markets which comprise government and pressure groups such as the environmentalists (Greenpeace). It also includes the media. - Supplier markets including farmers, farmers’ unions and raw material suppliers. Each of those stakeholders has a different interest in Monsanto. The concerns and objectives of different stakeholders and stakeholder groups are frequently in conflict; for example consumers (customers) and food retailers as well as suppliers’ main interest would be profit making whether form a direct transaction with Monsanto such as the retailers or a better prices and quality of goods being the interest of the end user (the consumer). On the other hand safety and health as well as quality are other interests for the consumers. Greenpeace and other environmentalists groups’ main interest would be in insuring that environmental is kept safe and not harmed, the natural diversification is not harassed and the air, land and water are not polluted. Other health institutions would be interested in being sure that human health is not negatively affected by the GM crops. Government on the other hand are concerned in being sure that laws and regulations are followed and no violation whatsoever is done weather to the local law or the international laws that the government is bound to. From the begining Monsanto was wrong in assuming that what applies to one market is definitely ...

Roger & Me Summary and Response essays

Roger & Me Summary and Response essays In Roger s decision to close down these factories ultimately left roughly half of Flints population on government support. The majority of the population was unable to obtain new jobs in Flint because the factories had supported most of the economy. What few alternative jobs there were in Flint were already taken by laid-off factory workers. In addition, many former factory technicians were under qualified for other jobs. Those that could have gone elsewhere in search of work felt too much loyalty to the town to leave it. The effects of this mass unemployment on families and the city was a sub-standard quality of life and a rising crime rate. Moore chronicles some of the duties of Deputy Fred, who handles evictions. In one scene, Deputy Fred must evict a family on Christmas. In an attempt to climb out of economic melt-down, the city of Flint hires an agency which builds a luxury Hyatt, commercial center, and amusement park in order to attract tourists. All three of the facilities, built with the citys money, close down because of lack of interest. All the while, GM has left Flint without any tools with which to climb out of its recession. Michael Moore maintains that GM had an obligation to the citizens of Flint to ensure that the former GM employees didnt face poverty. Job retraining could have enabled ex-GMs to find alternative work. Extended severance pay would have helped factory workers maintain their way of life while they looked for work. Roger Smith also could have cut his losses and opened up new factories in Flint to keep people employed. However, none of t ...

How to Control Japanese Beetles

How to Control Japanese Beetles Japanese beetles do twice the damage of ordinary insect pests. The larvae, called grubs, live in the soil and feed on the roots of grasses and other plants. The adult beetles feed on the leaves and flowers of over 300 trees, shrubs, and herbs. Japanese beetles are the bane of the rose garden and will devour prized hibiscus and hollyhocks, too. Control of Japanese beetles requires an understanding of their life cycle and a two-pronged attack- one strategy for the grubs, and one for the beetles. The Japanese Beetle Life Cycle To control Japanese beetles effectively, its important to know when theyre active. Using a pest control product at the wrong time of the pests life cycle is a waste of time and money. So first, a quick primer on the Japanese beetle life cycle. Spring:  Mature beetle grubs become active, feeding on turfgrass roots and damaging lawns. They will continue feeding until early summer.Summer:  Adult beetles begin to emerge, usually in late June, and remain active throughout the summer. Japanese beetles will feed on garden plants, doing considerable damage when present in large numbers. During the summer, the beetles also mate. Females excavate soil cavities and deposit their eggs by late summer.Fall:  Young grubs hatch in late summer, and feed on grass roots through the fall. Mature grubs become inactive as cold weather approaches.Winter:  Mature grubs spend the winter months in the soil. How to Control Japanese Beetle Grubs Biological Control: Lawn areas can be treated with an application of milky disease spores, spores of the bacterium Paenibacillus  popilliae  (aka  Bacillus  popillae). The grubs ingest these bacterial spores, which germinate and reproduce within the grubs body and ultimately kill it. Over several years time, the milky spore bacteria builds up in the soil and acts to suppress grub infestations. No chemical pesticides should be used on the lawn simultaneously, as this can affect the milky spores efficacy. Another naturally-occurring bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis japonensis (BTJ) may also be used to control Japanese beetle grubs. BTJ is applied to the soil, and grubs ingest it. Btj destroys the grubs digestive system and ultimately kills the larva. A beneficial nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, also works to control Japanese beetle grubs. Nematodes are microscopic parasitic roundworms that transport and feed on bacteria. When they find a grub, the nematodes penetrate the larva and inoculate it with bacteria, which quickly multiply within the grubs body. The nematode then feeds on the bacteria. Chemical Control: Some chemical pesticides are registered for control of Japanese beetle grubs. These pesticides should be applied in July or August when young grubs are feeding. Consult a pest control expert or your local agricultural extension office for specific information on selecting and using pesticides for grub control. How to Control Japanese Beetle Adults Physical Control: Where there is one Japanese beetle, there will soon be ten, so hand picking the earliest arrivals can help keep numbers down significantly. In the early morning, beetles are sluggish and can be shaken from branches into a bucket of soapy water. If Japanese beetle populations are high in your area, beetle control may include making smart decisions about what to plant in your yard. Japanese beetles love roses, grapes, lindens, sassafras, Japanese maple, and purple-leaf plums, so these plants should be avoided if Japanese beetle damage is a concern. Garden centers and hardware stores sell pheromone traps for Japanese beetles. Research shows these traps are generally ineffective for use in the home garden, and may actually attract more beetles to your plants. Chemical Control: Some chemical pesticides are registered for control of Japanese beetle adults. These pesticides are applied to the foliage of susceptible plants. Consult a pest control expert or your local agricultural extension office for specific information on selecting and using pesticides for Japanese beetle adult control.

Buying Stuff Online and How Your Credit Card is You Essay

Buying Stuff Online and How Your Credit Card is You - Essay Example That said, there are issues with credit, including the fact that credit is often abused and there is also the risk of identity theft. That said, since credit is inextricably bound with the rise of consumerism, credit is very important to society and is not likely to recede anytime soon. This paper will explain how consumerism came about, how globalization and online purchasing has changed how people buy stuff and use credit, and what the dangers are of credit. Evolution of the Economy The economy has been evolving continually, from a period of time before mass production, to mass production, to globalization. The economic realities during the 19th Century, before the advent of mass production, was that a Puritan ethos prevailed. This means that housing was sparse, money was not spent on non-necessities, such as jewelry, eating and drinking well, and fine clothing (Bocock, 2000, p. 8). This all changed with Henry Ford. Henry Ford was the father of consumerism, because, under Ford, wor kers were paid better. Because workers were paid better, they had more purchasing power. Because workers had more purchasing power, there was more demand for products. Consumerism was the result of this cycle (Gabriel & Yang, 1995). Suddenly, it was not just the rich who were able to consume products which were non-necessities, but everybody could (Gabriel & Yang, 1995, p. 10). ... This changed by the middle of the twentieth century, however, in that, by this time, only one third of a British family's income was spent on food (Gabriel & Yang, 1995, p. 12). With mass production came branding, and the individual's desire to purchase products with labels and designers. This was because mass production meant that similar goods were flooding the marketplace. Companies had to stand out amongst the competition. This was the beginning of competitive branding, as different designers and labels emerged, and these designers and labels lent an air of prestige to the products. For example, designers such as Ralph Lauren and Tommy Hilfiger made names for themselves, and they were able to charge a premium for their products, because their products carried this extra prestige (Klein, 2000, p. 6). Gender issues emerged during this period. The men were busy making money, and the women were busy spending the money, so the women were the ones that the marketers targeted in the era of consumerism that predated the rise of feminism (Kacen, 2000, p. 347). This all changed in the post-modern society, as consumption became a part of everyone's identity, both male and female. In the post-modern society, according to Kacen (2000), people constructed their identity with brands, figuring out who they are by the brands that they buy. The person's identity became fluid, as the person might go from being a punk, preferring to buy products that would go along with that image, and then the same person might choose a look that is more of a preppy image, and buy products that suit that image. Brands play a part in this identity construction, as well, because certain brands are popular with different segments of society, so choosing certain

American vs. European Efforts in the Afghanistan War Essay

American vs. European Efforts in the Afghanistan War - Essay Example Nevertheless, by spring 2002 the United States found its own troops stretched thin in Afghanistan and sought more Allied help. By May 2002 more than two-thirds of American's NATO allies had sent soldiers to Afghanistan, and there were more European forces on the ground than American ones. The Europeans play an even more important role when it comes to long-term efforts to rebuild the war-shattered country (Asmus 21). Europe's lack of participation in the US war against terrorism as a consequence of the 11 September 2001 attack on the World Trade Center in New York and Pentagon in Washington. In the first phase of the war, initiated in Afghanistan in early October 2001 it was, more or less the US alone that conducted the execution of military operations. The military campaign as a whole was driven by sophisticated US firepower that in practice excludes effective cooperation with European forces, which are not equipped to fight at such a distance from their homes bases. The war against terrorism in Afghanistan brought home to most EU member states the realization that many of their fundamental foreign policy interest are similar. At the Laeken European Council on 14 and 15 December 2001, in Belgium, the European Union announced that it would send 3,000 to 4,000 troops to Afghanistan to serve as a stability force for the new government in Kabul. But while some European delegates said that the EU, with the decision to send a multilateral peace-keeping force to Afghanistan, had taken its first step toward projecting military power around the world and that the EU is seizing a political opportunity, other delegations played down the importance of the EU's participation in the stability force. While invigorating the NATO partnership was heartening on one level, on another, the European offers appeared to be a devious way for them to exercise leverage over military operations in Afghanistan. Granted, military cooperation could mobilize European public opinion in favor of the war, an outcome welcome to the U.S. military. The European allies stood behind the United States in the Afghanistan campaign, and the United States in turn accepted allied aid in the region. By contrast, Europeans wanted to have a voice in the conduct of war on terrorism, while the Americans wished to avoid a sense of isolation in conducting the assault against the Taliban. The differences, for the moment, were reconcilable as 2001 came to a close. On the other hand, one U.S. political commentator, Linda Robinson, from US News and World Report, said caustically that the European had come to see their global mission as embodying civilization, not defending it. This may or may not true. What is clear in any case is that whether Europe will count for more in terms of maintaining international stability is one of the most important issues of the coming years (Pye 285). The Europeans have played a significant role in Afghanistan, the struggle continues to stabilize the country in the wake of the October 2001 U.S. lead overthrow of the Taliban regime that had provided safe haven and training areas for the global terrorist organization Al Qaeda. In 2006, NATO forces, mainly European, took over the peace-building mission in Afghanistan, but not the counterinsurgency combat operations still run by the United States.

Marketing plan Starbucks Coffee company Term Paper

Marketing plan Starbucks Coffee company - Term Paper Example Their TV and radio marketing mix is unobtrusive: Instead, in-store advertisements will keep people aware of new specials since most people come into Starbucks or have a friend who do. Ansoff's Matrix Current Products New Products Current Market Virtually everywhere: Control almost all US markets and regions, provide coffee Constant innovation for new types of coffee to keep people interested New Market Trying to expand among ethnic populations such as Latina/os, Asians, African-Americans Marketing Warfare Starbucks has an entrenched, defensive position. Although they certainly remain nimble in many ways, keeping ahead of market trends, they are the established power. They can be viewed as a power of light forts. Starbucks losing one, two or even a hundred shops is not a serious threat to its long-term viability. It has low entry and low exit costs since there is no substantial overhead: Office space, baristas and supplies do it. This is an incredibly daunting position for opponents, as Starbucks has both the advantage of mobility and wealth. They can sweep in and stymie opponents by shutting them out of an area and forcing them to compete against multiple Starbucks in the same region. When a competitor does gain an edge, Starbucks can just move its position. Porter's Generic Strategies Starbucks has chosen an overall cost leadership approach. ... , they are using a differentiation strategy: Go to Starbucks and get a simple smoothie alongside your friends who are getting a coffee, or go to Jamba Juice on your own. Their coffees are more expensive than, say, a gas station black, but Starbucks discovered that people are willing to spend about three to five dollars a day on coffee as long as the coffee is markedly better than a ninety nine cent cup of joe, more convenient, more pleasant and with more amenities. It is meaningless to call them â€Å"higher cost† than gas stations because the difference in most consumers' minds between a dollar coffee and a five dollar coffee is minimal: Coffee is a staple, one just gets it. Target Markets Almost everyone above the age of eighteen drinks coffee. Starbucks has market saturation such that they offer their services everywhere from poor inner-city urban areas to poor rural areas to middle-class and rich suburbs. Most food marts, mega-marts and grocery stores have some connection to Starbucks as well. However, Starbucks targets particular demographics clearly in terms of their design. Children. Children don't tend to like coffee, but Starbucks offers hot chocolate and highly syrupy coffee drinks that serve to get children interested in coffee. (This becomes important under both SWOT and PESTLE analysis below). Young urban and suburban professionals. With Wi-Fi offerings, music choices that tend to be of the alternative rock and modern rock varieties, and so forth, they offer good choices to this group. Older professionals. Starbucks offers a lot in terms of quality. An older professional is far more willing than an older blue collar worker to spend three dollars on a cup of coffee provided the cup is better. Starbucks would undoubtedly like to expand among ethnic

Intermodal Transportation in the US Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intermodal Transportation in the US - Case Study Example Intermodal Transportation in the US Government involvement in the country’s intermodal transportation system, particularly in the cargo sector, would allow for continuous movement of products by a number of modes of transport. Congress approved the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) as a successor of ISTEA. This policy was not as far-reaching as ISTEA even though it continued the campaign for intermodalism and center on the ISTEA chassis (Konings et al., 2008). This regulation guaranteed the consideration of cargo mobility in the course of the planning procedure and offered more profound flexibility to fund intermodal stations that entail key and minor freeways, railway stations, sea terminals, and airports. Until this law was passed, the challenge of connectivity between and amongst intermodal stations was not a primary concern. If the federal government had prioritized efforts to solve this challenge, connectors to the country’s freeway system would have improved intermodal services and lowered freeway congestion. I also agree with the author that in a free market economy, the industry had been limited in their ability to deliver innovations in intermodal transportation. In the past 2 Â ½ decades, the movement of goods has been seamless only because of intermodalism in the cargo industry (Holguin-Veras et al., 2008).The most visible manifestation of intermodalism in a free market such as the United States is the increase in container traffic.

HR Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HR Administration - Essay Example Ownership is the key distinction of privatization according to this focused definition of privatization (Klingner et al, 2010). Privatization is viewed as an option for providing services to the community and the decision to privatize should be made by the government reflecting the government to deliver public goods and services by the private sector creates a balanced evaluation of the financial and non-financial issues with the needs of the community.Market-based competition basis. Privatization is characterized by little involvement by the government and collaborating with private service providers. Government stops providing a service directly and relies on the private sector to deliver the service (Klingner et al, 2010). Human resource managers are facing an imminent mass exodus of senior workers, the likes of which has never been seen before. These workers will need to be replaced due to death or retirement. Some organizations might lose up to 50% of their seniors in the next two to three years. This exit will strain the governmental entitlement programs, company benefit, pension plans, and press the concern on empty chairs in offices across the nation. The smaller size of Generation X (25 – 38- year-olds) along with their high rate of turnover and the transitory nature of their work force lately will lead to a shrinking pool of replacements and competition for those employees will increase. Demographic realities seem to suggest a possible shortage of labor in the coming decades (Klingner et al, 2010). Many Boomers will maintain their positions after their typical retirement age due to longer life expectancy. The likelihood of new legislation increasing the age for Social Security benefits, the high costs in living, recent losses in pension and IRA accounts attached to the stock market could make older employees delay their

Various Mechanisms Used by the Nervous System to Guide Axonal Growth Essay

Various Mechanisms Used by the Nervous System to Guide Axonal Growth - Essay Example Congress 1990). The end of each growing axon is called a growth cone, and functions as a sensing device, interacting with molecules in the environment in order to reach the correct target (Schatten 2005; Bean 2012). The growth cones can be described as expanded â€Å"sensory-motile† tips of the growing axons that respond to various attractive and repulsive molecular signals in order to direct and guide axons to their synaptic targets (Myers & Gomez 2011, p. 13585). Thus, axonal growth is guided with the help of guidance cues in the environment. As the nervous system matures, about half the neurons die and only those that have grown properly and are connected to the available synaptic sites survive (U.S. Congress 1990). A study of the mechanisms behind axon guidance to the appropriate targets is necessary in order to better understand the development of the nervous system and to elucidate the formation of the neural network. Mechanisms Underlying Axonal Guidance The guidance of axonal growth is a result of interplay of four types of guidance forces, namely contact attraction, contact repulsion, chemoattraction and chemorepulsion (Tessier-Lavigne & Goodman 1996). ... At the leading end of the growth cone, actin is polymerized and then moved to the rear for depolymerisation (Bean 2012). This continuous cycling of polymerised actin from the leading end to the rear end and then back to the leading end leads to a â€Å"tank-tread† kind of movement that enables the guiding of the growth cone (Bean 2012). Santiago Ramon y Cajal first described the movement of growth cones in 1880 (Zheng 2000; Bean 2012). He described that growth cones move towards their synaptic targets in a circuitous route, thus providing evidence that growth cones themselves have an active role in the guidance process (Bean 2012). However, the first live microscopic observations of growth cones were not made until Ross Harrison developed modern tissue culture (Vitriol & Zheng 2012). Later on, Roger Sperry upon observing the optic nerve lesions of frogs showed that retinotectal axons could regenerate and find their targets, subsequently making precise synaptic connections (Bea n 2012). It thus became evident that specific surface markers exist and are used by growth cones for the recognition of targets. This was further demonstrated through studies on zebrafish, drosophila, grasshopper and chick, which showed that guidance of axon growth followed specific and similar pathways in different species, indicating that the mechanisms are conserved across species (Bean 2012). Studies by Gomez et al., Renaudin et al., and Robles and Gomez have shown that point contacts are formed by growth cones using various focal adhesion-related molecules like ?1-integrins, paxillin, FAK and vinculin (Myers & Gomez 2011). Extrinsic Environment-Related Mechanisms Apart from the intrinsic mechanism of growth cone movement, extrinsic

HR Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HR Administration - Essay Example Ownership is the key distinction of privatization according to this focused definition of privatization (Klingner et al, 2010). Privatization is viewed as an option for providing services to the community and the decision to privatize should be made by the government reflecting the government to deliver public goods and services by the private sector creates a balanced evaluation of the financial and non-financial issues with the needs of the community.Market-based competition basis. Privatization is characterized by little involvement by the government and collaborating with private service providers. Government stops providing a service directly and relies on the private sector to deliver the service (Klingner et al, 2010). Human resource managers are facing an imminent mass exodus of senior workers, the likes of which has never been seen before. These workers will need to be replaced due to death or retirement. Some organizations might lose up to 50% of their seniors in the next two to three years. This exit will strain the governmental entitlement programs, company benefit, pension plans, and press the concern on empty chairs in offices across the nation. The smaller size of Generation X (25 – 38- year-olds) along with their high rate of turnover and the transitory nature of their work force lately will lead to a shrinking pool of replacements and competition for those employees will increase. Demographic realities seem to suggest a possible shortage of labor in the coming decades (Klingner et al, 2010). Many Boomers will maintain their positions after their typical retirement age due to longer life expectancy. The likelihood of new legislation increasing the age for Social Security benefits, the high costs in living, recent losses in pension and IRA accounts attached to the stock market could make older employees delay their

Movies and cultural influences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Movies and cultural influences - Essay Example With the sudden urbanization on a large scale, the ordinary factory workers in the city became psychologically isolated, though they were in the midst of a huge mass of urban population. This situation was further aggravated by the arrival and assimilation of a large number of immigrants, most of whom were not English speaking, and from a different cultural background. With time and money at their disposal due to the rising affluence, the urban workers needed to find avenues for entertainment. They still could not afford to attend entertainment shows such as music performances, theater plays etc. The invention of the moving picture towards the end of the nineteenth century, suited this demand perfectly. This amazing novelty captured the imagination of the common man. This medium had several advantages over other forms of entertainment. It was cheap. It could be copied, transported, and staged simultaneously at several places. Initial silent movies had no language barrier, and hence had a universal appeal. The earlier movie producers, mostly jews, Italian or greek immigrants who could not get in the mainstream industrial workforce, but were nonetheless hungry for success, utilized these advantages to attract a huge audiences and make maximum profits. Nickelodeon theaters, with shabby seating arrangements inside, and crude and gaudy posters outside, sprang up throughout the cities and even countryside. Some owners included vulgar and objectionable content in their movie shows. The dark environment inside the theatre was also found to foster unsocial and immoral activities. Cul tural traditionalists saw, in this movement, a potential to corrupt the minds of the young generation and a threat to the moral society. This commercial amusement activity was directly in contrast to playgrounds, libraries, school recreation centers, church sponsored recreation, which were considered to be the conserving moral agencies of a respectable society. Large scale criticism of the uncontrolled commercialism, as regards to movies, ultimately led to stricter theater regulations and even a temporary closure of all the movie houses in New York in 1908.Susequently, the movie men fought and won legal battles with the administration against this action, but with a clear message, that some form of regulation was needed. The first comprehensive law in the United States, regulating movie theaters was enacted in 1913, banning objectionable content such as vaudeville acts, enforcing the provision of better amenities inside the theaters etc. Movies and advertisement: The success of the industrial revolution, which started around the middle of the nineteenth century, was a collective result of several factors acting simultaneously in a complementary manner. The practical application of technological innovations, like telephony and telegraphy, effective use of electricity development of transport systems, and development of mechanized assembly lines greatly helped the economic growth of the American society as a whole. This further fueled the demand, not only for technology based products by the industries, but also for consumer based products and services by the masses. The Cycle of demand and growth prompted the manufacturers towards large scale production of goods. At the same time, these manufacturers had to compete with each other for maximizing their market share in the fully

La Indolencia de Los Filipinos Essay Example for Free

La Indolencia de Los Filipinos Essay La indolencia de los filipinos (y de los estudiantes tambien) 1. What was the effect of conviction of inferiority? -The child or youth who tries to be anything else is blamed with vanity and presumption; the curate ridicules him with cruel sarcasm, his relatives look upon him with fear, strangers regard him with great compassion. No forward movement Get back in the ranks and keep in line! With his spirit thus molded the native falls into the most pernicious of all routines: routine not planned but imposed and forced. Note that the native himself is not naturally inclined to routine but his mind is disposed to accept all truth, just as his house is open to all strangers. The good and the beautiful attract him, seduce and captivate him although like the the Japanese he often exchanges the good for the evil, if it appears to him garnished and gilded. What he lacks is in the first place liberty to allow expansion to his adventuresome spirit, and good examples, beautiful prospects for the future. It is necessary that his spirit, although it may be dismayed and cowed by the elements and the fearful manifestation of their mighty forces, store up energy, seek high purposes, in order to struggle against obstacles in the midst of unfavorable natural conditions. In order that he may progress it is necessary that a revolutionary spirit, so to speak, should boil in his veins, since progress necessarily requires the present; the victory of new ideas over the ancient and accepted one. It will not be sufficient to speak to his fancy, to talk nicely to him, nor that the light illuminate him like the ignis fatuus that leads travelers astray at night: all the flattering promises of the fairest hopes will not suffice, so long as his spirit is not free, his intelligence is not respected. 2. What is the meaning of the statement, tila ka kastila? The pernicious example of the dominators in surrounding themselves with servants and despising manual or corporal labor as a thing unbecoming the nobility and chivalrous pride of the heroes of so many centuries; those lordly airs, which the natives have translated into tila ka castila, and the desire of the dominated to be the equal of the dominators, if not essentially, at least in their manners; all this had naturally to produce aversion to activity and fear or hatred of work. 3. What does Rizal mean by saying that indolence in the Philippines is a chronic but not an inherited disease? When in consequence of a long chronic illn ess the condition of the patient is examined, the question may arise whether the weakening of the fibers and the debility of the organs are the cause of the maladys continuing or the effect of the bad treatment that prolongs its action. The attending physician attributes the entire failure of his skill to the poor constitution of the patient, to the climate, to the surroundings, and so on. On the other hand, the patient attributes the aggravation of the evil to the system of treatment followed. Only the common crowd, the inquisitive populace, shakes its head and cannot reach a decision. Something like this happens in the case of the Philippines. Instead of a physician, read government, that is friars, employees, etc. Instead of patient, Philippines; instead of malady, indolence. 4. What proofs did Rizal give to show that pre-Spanish Malayans were not indolent? -Before the arrival of the Europeans, the Malayan Filipinos carried on an active trade, no only among themselves but also with all the neighboring countries. All the histories of those first years, in short, abound in long accounts about the industry and agriculture of the natives; mines, gold-washings, looms, farms, barter, naval construction, raising of poultry and stock, weaving of silk and cotton, distilleries, manufactures of arms, pearl fisheries, the civet industry, the horn and hide industry, etc. , are things encountered at every step, and considering the time and the conditions in the islands, prove that there was life, there was activity, there was movement. 5. How did it happen that the industrious pagan culture was transformed into that of an indolent Christian culture? -We have already spoken of the more or less latent predisposition which exists in the Philippines toward indolence, and which must exist everywhere, in the whole world, in all men, because we all hate work more or less, as it may be more or less hard, more ore less unproductive. The dolce far niente of the Italian, the rascarse la barriga of the Spaniard, the supreme aspiration of the bourgeois to live on his income in peace and tranquility, attest this. It seems that there are causes more than sufficient to breed indolence in the midst of a beehive. Thus is explained why, after thirty-two years of the system, the circumspect and prudent Morga said that the natives have forgotten much about farming, raising poultry, stock and cotton and weaving cloth, as they used to do in their paganism and for a long time after the country had been conquered! 6. Why does the city of Hong Kong have more commercial and trade activities than the whole of the Philippines? It has more commercial movement than all the islands together, because it is free and is well governed. The great difficulty that every enterprise encountered with the administration contributed not a little to kill off all commercial and industrial movement. All the Filipinos, as well as all those who have tried to engage in business in the Philippines, know how many documents, what comings, how many stamped papers, how much patience is needed to secure from the government a permit for an enterprise. One must count upon the good will of this one, on the influence of that one, on a good bribe to another in order that the application be not pigeon-holed, a present to the one further on so that it may pass it on to his chief; one must pray to God to give him good humor and time to see and examine it; to another, talent to recognize its expediency; to one further on sufficient stupidity not to scent behind the enterprise an insurrectionary purpose land that they may not all spend the time taking baths, hunting or playing cards with the reverend friars in their convents or country houses. And above all, great patience, great knowledge of how to get along, plenty of money, a great deal of politics, many salutations, great influence, plenty of presents and complete resignation! 7. Was there gambling in the country before the coming of the Spaniards? -Yes, we do not mean to say that before the coming of the Spaniards the natives did not gamble: the passion for gambling is innate in adventuresome and excitable races, and such is the Malay, Pigafetta tells us of cockfights and of bets in the Island of Paragua. Cock-fighting must also have existed in Luzon and in all the islands, for in the terminology of the game are two Tagalog words: sabong and tari (cockpit and gaff). But there is not the least doubt that the fostering of this game is due to the government, as well as the perfecting of it. 8. What are the effects of too many religious festivals on the country? Remember, that lack of capital and absence of means paralyze all movement, and you will see how the native was perforce to be indolent for if any money might remain to him from the trials, imposts and exactions, he would have to give it to the curate for bulls, scapularies, candles, novenaries, etc. And if this does not suffice to form an indolent character, if the climate and nature are not enough in themselves to daze him and deprive him of all energy, recall then that the doctrine of his religion teach him to irrigate his fields in the dry season, not by means of canals but with amasses and prayers; to preserve his stock during an epidemic with holy water, exorcisms and benedictions that cost five dollars an animal, to drive away the locusts by a procession with the image of St. Augustine, etc. It is well, undoubtedly, to trust greatly in God; but it is better to do what one can not trouble the Creator every moment, even when these appeals redound to the benefit of His ministers. We have noticed that the countries which believe most in miracles are the laziest, just as spoiled children are the most ill-mannered. Whether they believe in miracles to palliate their laziness or they are lazy because they believe in miracles, we cannot say; but he fact is the Filipinos were much less lazy before the word miracle was introduced into their language. 9. What other evidence may be pointed out to show the lack of national sentiment? -The very limited training in the home, the tyrannical and sterile education of the rare centers of learning that blind subordination of the youth to one of greater age, influence the mind so that a man may not aspire to excel those who preceded him but must merely be content to go along with a march behind them. Stagnation forcibly results from this, and as he who devotes himself merely to copying divests himself of other qualities suited to his own nature, he naturally becomes sterile; hence decadence. Indolence is a corollary derived from the lack of stimulus and of vitality. That modesty infused into the convictions of everyone, or, to speak more clearly, that insinuated inferiority, a sort of daily and constant depreciation of the mind so that it may not be raised to the regions of life, deadens the energies, paralyzes all tendencies toward advancement, and of the least struggle a man gives up without fighting. If by one of those rare incidents, some wild spirit, that is some active one, excels, instead of his example stimulating, it only causes others to persist in their inaction. Theres one who will work for us; lets sleep on! say his relatives and friends. True it is that the spirit of rivalry is sometimes awakened, only that then it awakens with bad humor in the guise of envy, and instead of being a lever for helping, it is an obstacle that produces discouragement. 10. How do we know there was no national sentiment? -Absence of all opposition to measures prejudicial to the people and the absence of any initiative in whatever may redound to its good. A man in the Philippines is only an individual, he is not a member of a nation. He is forbidden and denied the right of association, and is, therefore, weak and sluggish. The Philippines is an organism whose cells seem to have no arterial system to irrigate it or nervous system to communicate its impressions; these cells must, nevertheless, yield their product, get it where they can; if they perish, let them perish. In the view of some this is expedient so that a colony may be a colony; perhaps they are right, but not the effect that a colony may flourish.

The University Should Raise Tuition Each Year Essay -- Argumentative P

The University Should Raise Tuition Each Year Tuition usually increases once a year, for the main purpose that schools go over their budget and they have to make up that money in some way. The schools are using that extra money to make that school a better place so that existing students and new students think its worth spending their money on, going there for a higher education. There are good and bad things about tuition increases, but the big thing to think about is, are these increases going to help the students? Yes, they are, the schools are increasing tuition so that the students can get there higher education, and feel that they are getting it at a great place. Schools want to help their students get the best higher education they can, but to do that, they have to raise tuition so they can afford to help their students. Universities have budgets which they are supposed to stick to, and now that they are not sticking to them, they need to raise tuition so that they can make up for the extra money that they spent. â€Å"The University of Virginia saw a 20 percent cut in their tuition bill in 1999, is planning a midyear tuition surcharge as bad state-budget news continues to poor in,†(Hebel, 2002). Universities are having a very hard time with their budgets that they need to raise tuition. There is a really good question to ask, why are they going over their budgets? There are many answers to that question, one of them is that the government isn’t giving universities as much money as they used to, another answer is that, they have so many students paying to go to their school, that they feel that they have to keep them there, so they spend money improving programs to help their students get the higher education ... .... This way the students get their higher education, and better programs to help them achieve that higher education. Programs such as tutoring really do help students with their classes, and help keep their grades up. Some students have scholarships, and without good grades, they loose their scholarships. As long as raising tuition helps the students, it’s a good idea. Otherwise, they should think about leaving the tuition alone or putting some of that extra money into some new or existing programs. This way, the students know where their money is going; doing this will help students be ok with the idea of tuition increases. If the students are fine with the idea, then it won’t be such a hardship retaining more students and keeping the existing students, because the students are getting something for their money, not just a higher education, but programs and help.

The Reality of To Kill A Mockingbird Essay -- Harper Lee Kill Mockingb

The Reality of To Kill A Mockingbird The novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, takes place during a racially intense time in history. Harper Lee’s novel was intended to bring a harsh sense of reality to the real world, and demonstrate how it really was during this time in history. This novel is set in Maycomb, Alabama, somewhere during the time period of 1925-1935. Times were hard for the citizens of Maycomb during this period, because of the depression. There are many fictional events in this novel related to non-fictional racial events in history. Leading the list of racial crimes would be hate crimes, such as lynching. Hate crimes are violent acts against people, property, or organizations due to the group to which they belong or identify with. Hate crimes are sadly a tragic part of American history. By far the largest determinant of hate crimes is racial bias, with African Americans the group at greatest risk. (â€Å"Hate Crimes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  1) Lynching was one of the most popular methods of carrying out a hate crime. The term lynching is generally believed to be derived from the name of a Virginia justice of the peace, Charles Lynch, who ordered extralegal punishment for Tory acts during the American Revolution. Frontier settlements in the United States often lacked established law enforcement agencies and, instead, exercised summary justice through vigilantes. Western pioneers punished murder, rape, horse thievery, and other capital crimes by resorting to lynching. (Lynching 1) In the South, during the period 1880 to 1940, there was deep-seated and all-pervading hatred and fear of the Negro. There was an annual average of sixty-two lynchings for the years 1910 to 1919. However, beginning in 1923 lynchings bega... ...ill A Mockingbird. New York: Warner Books, Inc., 1960. "Lynching." . 03/14/2001. Encarta Reference. 03/14/2001. <http://afroamhistory.about.com/homework/afroamhistory/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm ?site=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Findex%2Fconciseindex%2F63%2F 0633E000.htm%3Fz%3D1%26pg%3D2%26br%3D1>. "‘SCOTTSBORO BOYS’ CASE A LANDMARK." Media Kit Resources. 03/13/2001. Decatur/Morgan County Convention & Visitors Bureau. 03/13/2001. <http://www.decaturcvb.org/Pages/Press/scotboy.html>. Stone, Suzanne R. . "A look at the 20th Century." The Augusta Chronicle 04/04/1999. . 03/13/2001 http://celebrate2000.augustachronicle.com/ stories/040499/his_1924.shtml>. THE CASE OF THE "SCOTTSBORO BOYS. Ed. Kelley, Robin D. G. 03/13/2001. University of Pennsylvania. 03/13/2001. <http://www.english.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/scottsboro.html>.

Paula Scher Research Paper Essay

Paula Scher, also known as America’s first design lady, is a graphic designer, illustrator and art educator. The Tyler School of Art in Philadelphia is where Paula Scher majored in illustration and finished her BFA in nineteen seventy. As a student Scher abstained from graphic design as she was short of the required tidiness artistry, and she did not like aligning Helvetica on a framework. â€Å"The act of organizing the Helvetica type-face on a grid reminded me of cleaning up my room,† she admitted. Drawing was her tender spot, so she adopted an approach which was to illustrate using type Stanislaw Zagorski who was her teacher. He was the one to give her that advice which was profoundly substantial for her career. Shcer describes in her book â€Å"MAKE IT BIGGER† that the Zigzag rolling paper and album covers, especially the Beetles’ covers where her major inspiration during the sixties. This influence can be noted in some of the work she did at CBS, like the cover for Ralph MacDonald, fig:1, the way feet are place bears resemblance to the Beetles cover, fig:2. During the nineteen seventies, there was an increase in political awareness, which initially stared in 1960, along with the economic liberty of women and the dimming of the hipster movement. Nineteen seventy was also the year Paula Scher graduated, it has been called the â€Å"golden days of illustration†. There were well established arts at that time, like Miltion Glaser, Seymour Chwast, James McMullen, Pual Davis whom Paula perceived as inspiration. Paula’s work doesn’t have many distinct features that display the influence of the artist above on her work, since she has a style of her own, but there are some corresponding color pallets. STYLE Common components of her work * Use of bright colors * Use of hand written text Use of bold strokes * Domination of type Paula Scher’s designs are intended to captivate the interest of modern public, it does so by the use of the components above along with pop icons, music, films and many others. Conceiving images that communicates with the public’s feelings, the designs she made become observably equivalent to the New York retro movement. Retro art is a genre of pop art, is amplified during the nineteen forties and nineteen fifties, it was a reaction to the demand for courageous, attractive graphics. Scher had an eye for bringing together different typing, leading, churning and coloring blended together in a bold and very astonishing way. The â€Å"BAM!!! † effect to some extent has a flashing impact to the design which is her way of visualizing, expressing and exemplifying the retro by means of conventional methods. Fig:3 shows a poster done by Scher for the public theater, â€Å"A Retro Style†. Scher’s justification for her style and approach is plainly a counter for dissatisfaction with the type-face Helvetica along with her rebellious mind set, that differentiated her among other artist by breaking the so called â€Å"rules†. Influence of the Dada movement Dada movement started in nineteen sixteen, by a poet and artist named Tristan Tzara and Hans Arp. As a response to the killing, propaganda and firstly the first world war. Individualist groups joint together by means of similar concepts, even though these groups did not share a universal style, but since they all rejected the idealism, stale artistic and intellectual conventions and modern society’s unchecked embrace of ‘rationalism’ and ‘progress’. Dada was anti-aesthetic, anti-rational and anti-idealistic. Fig: 4 shows a poster that was done during the Dada movement, it is a blended combination between a collage and typography, these similar elements are found in the poster designed by Paula Shcer designed for the public theater fig: 5 which also has a very similar feel. This is not the only poster that shows the influence of the Dada movement on Scher’s work, most of the designs made portray a certain ideology and there is a concept that supports why certain elements are added, positioned and combined together to form the design. The design feel of the art done in during the Dada movement and Scher both have the messy effect of being cluttered, yet the design is harmonious in a baldy manner. Both are known for their utilization of geometric elements. Even though they share enough similar features, Shcer brings out the pop art feel into the Dada inspired work, which is what identifies her designs from those done in the nineteen sixty. Conclusion Researching and viewing Paula Scher’s work and designs show me how two or more very different styles, can collide together to form a single artistic entity. The relation to other artists and art movements like futurism and constructivism with resemblance to the Dadaism all reflect Scher’s point of view towards the art she constructed. It’s quite inspiring to blend and merge two or three of the styles together emerging with a beautiful piece of work, but scher’s work was based on taking completely unrelated topics such as collage and typography. This work is a true divine and virtuoso of art as we know it.

Creative writing – A New Life

â€Å"So then Tom,† his mother wept, â€Å"don't worry. I'll see you again.† Tom was shocked, he'd never seen his mother cry before. Even when Dad left to help in the army, she had been very strong. â€Å"But-but Mum,† he bit his lip, holding back his tears, â€Å"I don't want to go.† â€Å"I know, don't worry,† then she started to cry more heavily while singing â€Å"We'll meet again† to him, his favourite song. Suddenly, a whistle rang loudly through his head, so Tom reluctantly stepped on to the train, his name tag round his neck and watched while his mother grew further and further away until she was no longer visible through his tears. Tom calmed himself down and tried as hard as he could to find the positive points to this situation. Well, at least he was safe from being blown to smithereens. That was all he could think of. He wasn't even going to start with the negative points. â€Å"Hello there, â€Å"a small boy who looked about eight had just come into the compartment, â€Å"I can't wait, this will be great. Such a brilliant holiday, Dad said it will be fun. I don't know why he hasn't come with me, though.† Tom hadn't the heart to tell him that he'd probably never see his father again. â€Å"My name's William, what's yours?† The little boy said. â€Å"Tom, nice to meet you William,† he felt terrible, â€Å"so, do you know where we're going?† â€Å"No, but it will be good,† said William excitedly. The door to the compartment slid open and a girl Tom's age came in. She was pale and looked very ill. She sat down and started mumbling to herself, tears rolling down her cheeks. â€Å"Why are you crying, â€Å"William laughed, â€Å"this is terribly exciting. Holiday!† â€Å"What on earth are you talking about,† the girl wept, â€Å"we'll never see our parents again. This is no holiday, we're being evacuated to the country.† â€Å"I will see my Dad again,† William argued. â€Å"No you won't, trust me,† she was right and William was starting to realise the truth. Suddenly, his bottom lip started to shake and he burst into tears. The girl took the boy into her arms and tried to comfort him the best that she could. â€Å"My name's Harriet,† she told Tom. â€Å"I'm Tom†¦ hi ,† he replied. There was a long awkward silence between the two of them while William started to get to grips with the situation and settle down. â€Å"That's William,† Tom explained to Harriet â€Å"Oh, the poor little boy,† she was starting to cry again, â€Å"he's too young for things like this to be happening to him. It's terrible!† For the next few minutes they sat silently looking out of the window. Later, they each took a small lunch out of their bags and compared what they had. â€Å"Bread and butter with a lump of cheese,† Tom was very pleased with his lunch, â€Å"and an apple!† â€Å"I've got some cheese and cold sausages,† said William happily. â€Å"Oh mother!† she looked disappointed, â€Å"she knows I hate grapes. I'll swap them for your apple Tom.† They ate happily chatting to each other about the lives they were leaving behind and dreaming about the lives they were leaving for. Some of their ideas were very far-fetched but none of them had been out of the city before and so didn't have a clue about what would happen. Shortly after, they, one by one dozed off. â€Å"Right everyone!† the guard was walking down the train banging on the doors of all the compartments, â€Å"come on, time to get off.† Tom, Harriet and William collected their luggage and stepped off the train, staying close to each other. They were checked by a tall man and then led into a town hall. â€Å"Boys on the left, girls on the right!† a small plump lady was hurrying the children along to the front of the hall where lots of adults were waiting and taking a close look at every child, â€Å"quiet please† The lady then started to read out names and appointing children to a family. â€Å"Harriet Mendal to Mr Magda please,† and so Harriet walked head down to her new father. A few seconds later William was called out and sent to a Mrs Walner. â€Å"Tom Fritz to Mr and Mrs Grundle,† the lady read out and so Tom was handed over to a grumpy looking man and a sympathetic looking woman. They were a middle aged couple wearing farmer's clothes that he'd seen in a newspaper once. â€Å"Hello Tom,† said Mrs Grundle smiling then turned to her husband, â€Å"well, say hello then John† â€Å"Hello boy, well let's get on home then,† he didn't look at all happy about taking in Tom in. â€Å"So Tom,† Mrs Grundle seemed very nice, â€Å"how old are you?† â€Å"I'm , er, thirteen,† he replied feeling very uncomfortable for the duration of the walk to his new house. It would be his new house but definitely not his home. Soon they came to a large stone house next to a field and a pig pen. â€Å"Well boy,† Mr Grundle grumbled, â€Å"get upstairs and into bed quickly.† Mr Grundle seemed to be trying to make it very obvious to Tom that he already didn't like him. Putting this thought behind him, he followed Mrs Grundle up the stairs and into a huge room. Inside, there was a bed, a chest of drawers and a wardrobe. There was a lot of empty space that made the room feel even bigger. â€Å"Here you are Tom.† Mrs Grundle told him, â€Å"now, breakfast will be at seven o' clock. After that, you'll help John, Mr Grundle to you, on the farm until two o' clock, then have lunch. Once you've finished your lunch you'll help out with the pigs until six o' clock when you can have dinner then go to bed at eight. I know it sounds hard work but I'm sure you'll get used to it, okay?† Tom nodded, changed, then got into bed. It was warm an comfy and made him think of his mother â€Å"Goodnight Tom,† whispered Mrs Grundle as she turned off the light then went down stairs. Tom slept very badly that night. He kept dreaming of his mother and the Germans dropping bombs on her house, leaving him here with Mr and Mrs Grundle for the rest of his life. He got up when the alarm clock on the drawers next to his bed read six forty-five. He got changed and walked down the stairs. He entered the kitchen and was blinded by a dazzling light coming through the window. It was a beautiful, sunny day. â€Å"What's wrong boy?† Mr Grundle laughed, â€Å"never seen sunlight before?† â€Å"Never as bright as this sir,† Tom told him, â€Å"it's dazzling.† â€Å"Been in the city too long, I reckon,† said Mr Grundle unhappily, while sitting down at the table, lighting a pipe and reading the paper. A breakfast of egg and bacon was laid out in front of him. â€Å"Good morning Tom,† greeted Mrs Grundle, â€Å"here's your breakfast.† She placed another plate of bacon and egg before him. â€Å"Thank you ma'am,† said Tom politely. â€Å"Oh nonsense!† giggled Mrs Grundle, â€Å"please call me Joan!† Tom put a bit of bacon in his mouth and chewed. It was absolutely delicious. It was bursting with flavour and fit for a king. He savoured every mouthful. Then he turned his attention to the egg. He cut it like a surgeon, hoping it would be as good as the bacon. It most definitely did. The yolk melted in his mouth, it was delicious. As quickly as the pleasure had started, it stopped and Tom was sad to see an empty plate. â€Å"Right lad,† boomed Mr Grundle, † let's see if you can deal with a good day's work, eh. You'll be begging to stop before the first hour's up no doubt.† â€Å"I'll try my best sir, really I will,† Tom still couldn't understand why Mr Grundle didn't like him. They walked outside and opened the door to a large shed. Tom was amazed at how many tools and potentially dangerous things there were in there. He was passed a sythe then taken into the field and shown briefly how to use it properly. â€Å"Now,† said Mr Grundle, â€Å"seeing as it's harvest time, I don't want you mucking this up. I want you cut this wheat from the bottom along these two rows, tie it up into bundles with that string next to the tractor then load it onto the wagon. Got that?† â€Å"Yes sir,† Tom wasn't looking forward to this. For the next three hours Tom cut the wheat, tied it up and loaded it all onto the wagon. He was sweating like the pigs when Mr Grundle decided he could do another row of wheat. â€Å"Get your back into it boy!† shouted Mr Grundle at regular intervals. Finally, Tom finished and watched as Mr Grundle struggled with his tractor. He wanted to get the wheat down to his friends farm. â€Å"Damn thing won't start,† he wasn't pleased, â€Å"come on Rusty. Oh I'll have lunch first.† They went inside and sat down at the kitchen table. Mrs Grundle laid a plate of sausage and egg in front of him. Tom ate it slowly. â€Å"See those eggs lad?† growled Mr Grundle, â€Å"come from the finest chickens, they do.† â€Å"Eggs don't come from chickens, do they?† asked Tom cautiously looking at the eggs disgustingly. â€Å"Of course they do,† laughed Mr Grundle, â€Å"where do you think they come from? Weren't you taught that in the city?† Tom pushed away his plate as though he was scared of the eggs. â€Å"What's wrong boy?† Mr Grundle shouted at Tom, â€Å"won't eat? Well, I'll do something about that.† â€Å"Now John, don't do anything-† Mrs Grundle tried to reason with him. â€Å"You stay out of this woman!† Mr Grundle exploded. He dragged Tom up to his room in a fit of rage and threw him on the floor. He picked Tom up again and hit him hard. Tom screamed. He was hit again, and again, and again until he was bruised all over. â€Å"We provide hospitality,† spat Mr Grundle, â€Å"and you throw it back in our face. You should try to be a bit more grateful!† Mr Grundle hit Tom one more time, then dragged him outside to the pig sty. â€Å"Feed the bloody pigs, then wait out here until dinner and you will eat it! Got that boy!?!† Tom fed the pigs then waited. He stared at Mr Grundles broken down tractor and an idea arose in his head. Tom remembered that before his father had went to help with the war he had taught Tom how to fix a broken down car. Would a tractor be the same? Maybe if he fixed the tractor, Mr Grundle would like him. Tom would need tools. His dad had loads because he was a mechanic. â€Å"Get in here boy!† shouted Mr Grundle from the back door. Tom ate slowly then went to bed early to avoid Mr Grundle and another one of his beatings. Over the next few days Tom tried as hard as he could to stay out of Mr Grunde's way for as long as possible. Every week Tom was shown a new tool from the shed and he took a mental note of what else was in there and whether he would need it for the tractor. One night, when Mr Grundle was in the house talking to Mrs Grundle, Tom had a look under the bonnet of the tractor. There was hardly anything wrong with it, this would be an easy job. He would only need a few tools. â€Å"Boy,† Mr Grundle called him inside surprisingly quietly, â€Å"get in here. Something's happened.† â€Å"What is it sir?† asked Tom anxiously. â€Å"It's your parents Tom, â€Å"whispered Mrs Grundle, â€Å"Our father has been killed and your mothers house†¦bombed. A direct hit. I'm so sorry Tom.† Tom was speechless. He felt as though he had hit in the stomach by Mr Grundle all over again. He walked outside almost in a trance, and was violently sick in the pig pen. When he felt better, he lay on the ground looking up at the night sky. Tom didn't cry, he couldn't cry, not yet. He had just dried up and shrivelled away from the real world and he didn't feel as though he would ever return. Mrs Grundle opened the back door slowly and crept out to Tom, leaving her husband looking uncomfortably out of the window. â€Å"Come on Tom,† she said softly, â€Å"let's get you to bed.† Tom didn't know what he was doing, he just followed silently. Tom didn't leave hi room for the next two days. All of his meals were brought up to him by Mrs Grundle. Tom could finally cry, and did so , heavily. The next day, Tom awoke and felt that it was now time to take a step out of his room, go downstairs and out the door to work. He worked tirelessly without breakfast. When he was directed by Mr Grundle to collect a large bag of seeds, he slipped under his shirt a spanner, a screwdriver and a ranch. He sneaked them up to his room at lunch. â€Å"What are you doing up there boy?† shouted Mr Grundle impatiently, â€Å"come on, let's get back to work. â€Å"Coming,† Tom replied and ran downstairs. Tonight was the night, he would fix that tractor. He did his work hurriedly until another dinner of eggs, that he was now getting used to, then went to bed. Tom somehow kept himself awake until e was sure that Mr and Mrs Grundle were in bed. He crept outside in the dark and fixed the tractor as quickly as he could. He ran inside feeling very pleased with when he was greeted by a very red Mr Grundle. â€Å"Good evening boy,† he said as calmly as he could, â€Å"what are you doing outside at this time of night?† Tom stayed silent. â€Å"Well boy?. Answer me!† Mr Grundle spat. â€Å"I was fixing your tractor sir,† Tom turned white as he watched Mr Grundle's face burst into a nasty laugh. â€Å"Oh, is that right? Well, let's have a look at your handy work then shall we? â€Å"Mr Grundle dragged Tom outside into the cold night. He was placed on top of a haystack next to the tractor. Tom watched Mr Grundle get in the drivers seat and turn the key. Mr Grundle's face fell when he heard a loud roar and his tractor started. He was absolutely gobsmacked. He got down off the tractor and let his hand fall on Tom's shoulder. â€Å"You're a genius lad,† Mr Grundle's face broke into a smile, â€Å"oh lad. Thank you so, so much. Come on, let's get inside and back to bed.† The next day, Tom woke up, got change and bounced down the stairs with a large spring in his step. â€Å"Tom,† Mrs Grundle said carefully, â€Å"now, because of your parents, er, well, we've been asked to take care of you, would that be okay with you? We would be happy to take you in.† â€Å"Of course Joan,† Tom was actually pleased to be asked to stay. â€Å"You realise that you will have to stay for a long time, don't you?† asked Mr Grundle, â€Å"as I get older, I'll need more help on the farm, is that clear, Tom?† â€Å"That would be great,† Tom knew he would be fine, Mr Grundle had just called him by his real name.

Discuss the Role of Energy in the Body, Describe the Process of Cell Respiration and Give Three Examples of How Energy Is Used in the Human Body

M1- Discuss the role of energy in the body, describe the process of cell respiration and give three examples of how energy is used in the human body Every living cell needs energy. The form of energy that we use is chemical energy in the form of glucose that we get in our food, mainly from carbohydrates such as bread, pasta and potatoes. Living cells cannot function without energy, which can then lead to death. To release the energy from glucose, oxygen is added (oxidise glucose) by breathing continuously to supply to the millions of cells that undertake cell respiration, this is also known as internal respiration.The rate that glucose is used at depends on the individuals' metabolism (B. M. R). The basal metabolic rate depends on the amount of thyroid hormone that is produced. A person that has a fast metabolism then it is less likely that they will put on weight whereas if a person has a slow metabolism then they may tend to put weight on. A factor that can influence metabolism rat e is age. This is because as you get older your metabolism will be likely to slow down. Cell respiration: The word equation for cell respiration is:Glucose + Oxygen = Energy + Carbon Dioxide + Water Chemical equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O Waste products of carbon dioxide and water can be excreted through the lungs and kidneys as expired air and urine; otherwise the chemical atoms (carbon, hydrogen and oxygen) can be recycled to reform glucose (C6H12O6). Cell respiration happens in the mitochondria in cells and tissues, e. g. the skeletal muscle, which has millions of mitochondria for increased energy demand. Three examples of how energy is utilised by the body:Muscles use a lot of energy in order for movement to happen. When the muscle tissues contract they will need a good supply of glucose and oxygen. ?Movement: The contraction of skeletal muscles attached to the bones and joints uses energy ? Breathing: Intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax and contract whic h increases and decreases the internal volume of the lungs for breathing. This involves energy ? Peristalsis: The slow movement of food through your digestive system allows digestion to occur (smooth muscle) uses energy

Early Colonization and Development of Rhode Island Research Paper

Early Colonization and Development of Rhode Island - Research Paper Example In the eighteenth century their dedication to individualism underscored Rhode Islanders taking to business with its inherent risks. Due to the poverty of the land resources trade was practised. The Rhode Islanders were not happy serving under British policies, and became revolutionaries which resulted in the founding of a new nation. Rhode Islanders now come from various ethnic backgrounds. The new questions to be addressed relate to the rights of minorities, and the need for securing individual liberty and economic opportunity (McLoughlin, 1986). The Economy of Rhode Island The conventional manufacturing economy of Rhode Island has diversified to services, retail and wholesale trade, and finance. Despite this shift, several products such as jewellery, silverware, textiles, primary and fabricated metals, machinery and other items for which Rhode Island is well known, still continue to be manufactured. Additionally, tourism and gambling are important to the state’s economy (War ner 41). Most farmland is utilized for dairies and poultry farms, agriculture being unimportant to the economy. Commercial fishing is a declining industry, and naval facilities at Newport contribute to the state’s income (The Columbia Encyclopedia 41148). The Demographic Makeup of the State According to the Census 2010, Rhode Island had a population of 1,052,567 people showing an increase of 0.4% over one decade (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). The race and ethnic origin demographics for Rhode Island in 2010 are as follows: Whites form the largest section at 8,856,859. The next largest group of 60,189 is formed by Black or African American, the size being equal to that of ‘some other race alone’. Almost half the number form ‘two or more races’ and Asian alone. There...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to the Census 2010, Rhode Island had a population of 1,052,567 people showing an increase of 0.4% over one decade (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). The race and ethnic origin demographics for Rhode Island in 2010 are as follows: Whites form the largest section at 8,856,859. The next largest group of 60,189 is formed by Black or African American, the size being equal to that of ‘some other race alone’. Almost half the number form ‘two or more races’ and Asian alone. There are only 6,058 American Indians or Alaska native, and 554 people constitute the group Native Hawaaiian and other Pacific islanders (Census Statistics, 2010). Political Characteristics of the Constituency and Leading Industries  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Rhode Island’s present constitution was adopted in 1842 and has been often amended† (The Columbia Encyclopedia 41148). A governor heads the state’s executive branch, who is elected for a four-year term and is eligible for re-election. Elected for two-year terms are the bicameral legislature with a senate of fifty members and a house of seventy-five. Local government functions at the city level, while Rhode Island’s counties have no political roles. The state sends two senators and two representatives to the U.S. Congress, and has four electoral votes. Though Rhode Island is mostly Democratic, various Republican governors have been elected from 1994 till the present. Rhode Island’s political and economic life was dominated by mill owners. The small mill towns with their great numbers of foreign-born residents.